In the name of God, the Lord of Grace, the Ever Merciful
His are the keys of the heavens and the earth. He gives abundant
sustenance, or gives it in scant measure to whomever He wills. He has
full knowledge of everything. In matters of fai
th,
He has ordained for you the same as He had enjoined on Noah — that
which We have revealed to you (Muhammad) — and as We enjoined on
Abraham, Moses and Jesus: ‘Steadfastly uphold the faith and do not
divide into factions.’ Hard for the idolaters is that which you call on
them to accept. God draws to Himself whoever He pleases and guides to
Himself everyone who turns to Him. (Consultation, Al-Shoora: 42: 12-13)
We discussed the verses that make clear that judgment in all people’s
disputes belong to God alone. Given that He makes His judgment final in
all disputes, this can only mean that this rule is based on the fact
that having originated the heavens and the earth and set their laws in
operation, He continues to hold their keys: “His are the keys of the
heavens and the earth.”
Since mankind are only part of what
lives in the heavens and earth, the same fact applies to them, which
means that the keys and treasures of the universe belong to God.
Moreover, it is He who provides them with sustenance, determining its
measure in the same way as He conducts all affairs: “He gives abundant
sustenance, or gives it in scant measure to whomever He wills.” It is He
who gives them the food they eat and the water they drink, providing
everything they need in their lives. Can they, then, refer to anyone
else for judgment in their affairs? It is the most natural procedure for
people to turn to the One who controls all this according to His
perfect knowledge: “He has full knowledge of everything.” Needless to
say, the One who knows everything is the One who can make a final
judgment in all fairness.
This is just one example of how the
meanings of the component parts of the surah’s verses converge in
complete harmony and perfect subtlety to work on the human heart. It is
akin to the harmonious tones that combine to make a superb melody.
The surah began with a general reference to the unity of the source of
all divine faiths: “Thus has God, the Almighty, the Wise, sent
revelation to you, Prophet, and to those who preceded you.” (Verse 3)
Now it gives more details of this fact, pointing out that the
legislation God has enacted for Muslims is, in essence, the same as He
legislated for Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, requiring them all to
establish the divine faith and not to split into factions over it. This
requires that they, in turn, steadfastly pursue the divine code of
living, paying no heed to the desires of those who fall into dispute.
This divine faith is thus meant to govern human life, while those who
argue about God have no leg to stand on. They are the ones who are
warned of the painful punishment they might incur.
This passage
enjoys the same level of perfect harmony as the preceding one: “In
matters of faith, He has ordained for you the same as He had enjoined on
Noah — that which We have revealed to you (Muhammad) — and as We
enjoined on Abraham, Moses and Jesus: Steadfastly uphold the faith and
do not divide into factions.”
Thus the surah confirms the truth
we explained at its very outset: God is the source of all divine
religions, starting far back in history. A little touch is added here
which has a pleasant, subtle effect on every believer. He or she looks
out to see who were their predecessors on this long line only to find
that they were those noble elite: Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and
Muhammad (peace be on them all). Every believer then realizes that he
has joined their procession, traveling the same way they traveled. He
will then enjoy his journey along that way, no matter how much trouble,
persecution or deprivation he suffers. Who would not put up with
trouble, knowing that it is only transient, when he is assured of the
company of such an elite nobility?
Moreover, there is a
profound sense of peace between believers in the one divine faith who
implement His law. No conflict or dispute arises between them. They feel
their strong bond urging them to collaborate and understand each other
so that they can maintain the link between present and past.
Since the religion God ordained for the Muslims who believe in Muhammad
is the same as He enjoined on Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, why do the
followers of Moses and Jesus fight against each other? Indeed, what
causes fighting between the followers of different Christian sects? Why
do the followers of Moses and Jesus go to war against the followers of
Muhammad? And why do those idolaters who claim to follow Abraham’s faith
wage a war against Muslims? Should not all these group together under
the one banner hoisted by God’s last Messenger? The same order was
issued to them all: “Steadfastly uphold the faith and do not divide into
factions.” Only when they unite under this banner do they uphold the
faith, fulfil its duties, maintain its path and work under the same
banner hoisted high in succession by Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus
until it was eventually carried by Muhammad, who received the final
testament.